Chapter 16. Filter Effects - Preset

本章の最初のパラグラフ：

Filter Effects (Filters) are a feature of SVG that allow an SVG viewer to change the presentation of an object in a well-defined manner such as adding texture to a Fill, giving an object a blurred shadow, or modifying the object’s color. Inkscape supports almost all SVG Filter primitives (see next chapter) and includes many Preset (predefined) filters.

から、フィルター効果という概念の存在と、Inkscape ではそのオブジェクトを原始フィルターと既製フィルターの二段構えで用意していることを推察する。

Support of Filters is rather new in many web browsers. Don’t be surprised to find bugs. Internet Explorer 9 will still not support filters.

この記述は現代のブラウザー事情では心配する必要はなかろう。

This chapter covers Preset filters, that is those Filters that are preconstructed for your use. The following chapter covers Custom filters where you build the filters yourself.

まずは出来合いのフィルターで有用なものを知りたいので、本章を先に取り組みたい。

Use of Preset Filters

オブジェクト選択後にメニュー選択で実行というのが共通手順だ：

Inkscape includes a couple of hundred Preset filters. These filters are accessed from the Filters menu. To use a built-in filter, just select the object(s) you wish to apply it to then select the Filter from one of the sub-menus. A few of the built-in Filters have dialogs where you can adjust basic parameters.

フィルターは普通のオブジェクト用とビットマップ用とに大別される。

自作フィルターをメニューに組み込むことができる。

If you have developed your own Filters, you can add them as Presets by SVG files with the Filters defined to the filters directory (Linux ~/.config/inkscape/filters).

Windows ならば %APPDATA%\inkscape\filters なのだろう。しかし、このパスを Inkscape 1.2 の設定ダイアログから見つけることができない。

By default, the filters will be added to a Personal submenu. You can have more control over where the filters are placed if you define the following attributes:

• inkscape:label: Command label.

• inkscape:menu: Submenu name

• inkscape:menu-tooltip: Tool tip (for Notification Region).

Inkscape includes an SVG file with samples of all the Preset Filters. The file, filters.svg, is located in the examples directory that can be found in the File Open dialog. Be prepared to wait as the file requires processing hundreds of Filters.

実際に当該ファイルをテキストエディターで開くと、内容は 2600 行くらいの SVG ファイルだ。これを精査すれば自作フィルターの XML 要素を定義する方法を解読できるだろう。

ABCs

利用者ノート

Inkscape 1.2 で行方不明。ファイル %ProgramFiles%\Inkscape\share\inkscape\filters\filters.svg を ABC で grep して見つからなかったのでないと判断した。

Bevels

読者ノート

以降の表は前述の SVG ファイルから xsltproc で抽出して作成した。本文で少し触れているように、メニューは組み込みコマンドと filters.svg からロード（起動時？）したものがマージされたものだ。前者のコマンド名を自動抽出する方法が現在わからないので、せめて後者の一覧だけでもここに残しておく：

Filters ‣ Bevels ‣ で言えば、次が組み込みコマンドで Inkscape にあって filters.svg にないメニュー項目だ：

• Diffuse Light…

• Matte Jelly…

• Specular Light…

次以降のサブメニューでは組み込みコマンドの言及を省略する。

Command	Tooltip
Bloom	Soft, cushion-like bevel with matte highlights
Bright Metal	Bright metallic effect for any color
Button	Soft bevel, slightly depressed middle
Combined Lighting	Basic specular bevel to use for building textures
Dark Glass	Illuminated glass effect with light coming from beneath
Deep Colors Plastic	Transparent plastic with deep colors
Electronic Microscopy	Bevel, crude light, discoloration and glow like in electronic microscopy
Fat Oil	Fat oil with some adjustable turbulence
Glowing Metal	Glowing metal texture
Jigsaw Piece	Low, sharp bevel
Matte Bevel	Soft, pastel-colored, blurry bevel
Melted Jelly	Glossy bevel with blurred edges
Melted Jelly Matte	Matte bevel with blurred edges
Metal Casting	Smooth drop-like bevel with metallic finish
Molten Metal	Melting parts of object together, with a glossy bevel and a glow
Neon	Neon light effect
Pressed Steel	Pressed metal with a rolled edge
Raised Border	Strongly raised border around a flat surface
Ridged Border	Ridged border with inner bevel
Smart Jelly	Same as Matte jelly but with more controls
Stained Glass	Illuminated stained glass effect
Translucent	Illuminated translucent plastic or glass effect

Blurs

Command	Tooltip
Apparition	Edges are partly feathered out
Blur Double	Overlays two copies with different blur amounts and modifiable blend and composite
Evanescent	Blur the contents of objects, preserving the outline and adding progressive transparency at edges

Bumps

Best for bitmaps, but also useful for normal objects.

本書では両方の実行例を掲載している。

Command	Tooltip
Basic Diffuse Bump	Matte emboss effect
Basic Specular Bump	Specular emboss effect
Basic Two Lights Bump	Two types of lighting emboss effect
Bubbly Bumps	Flexible bubbles effect with some displacement
Bubbly Bumps Alpha	Same as Bubbly Bumps but with transparent highlights
Bubbly Bumps Matte	Same as Bubbly Bumps but with a diffuse light instead of a specular one
Bump Engraving	Carving emboss effect
Canvas Bumps	Canvas texture with an HSL sensitive height map
Canvas Bumps Alpha	Same as Canvas Bumps but with transparent highlights
Canvas Bumps Matte	Same as Canvas Bumps but with a diffuse light instead of a specular one
Convoluted Bump	Convoluted emboss effect
Dark Emboss	Emboss effect: 3D relief where white is replaced by black
Embossed Leather	Combine a HSL edges detection bump with a leathery or woody and colorizable texture
HSL Bumps Alpha	Same as HSL Bumps but with transparent highlights
Jelly Bump	Convert pictures to thick jelly
Linen Canvas	Painting canvas emboss effect
Paper Bump	Paper like emboss effect
Plaster	Combine a HSL edges detection bump with a matte and crumpled surface effect
Plaster Color	Colored plaster emboss effect
Plasticine	Matte modeling paste emboss effect
Plastify	HSL edges detection bump with a wavy reflective surface effect and variable crumple
Relief Print	Bumps effect with a bevel, color flood and complex lighting
Rough Canvas Painting	Painting canvas emboss effect
Thick Acrylic	Thick acrylic paint texture with high texture depth
Thick Paint	Thick painting effect with turbulence
Tinfoil	Metallic foil effect combining two lighting types and variable crumple
Velvet Bumps	Gives Smooth Bumps velvet like
Wrinkled Varnish	Thick glossy and translucent paint texture with high depth

Color

Command	Tooltip
Black Light	Light areas turn to black
Blend Opposites	Blend an image with its hue opposite
Fluorescence	Oversaturate colors which can be fluorescent in real world
Hue to White	Fades hue progressively to white
Paint Channels	Colorize separately the three color channels
Simulate CMY	Render Cyan, Magenta and Yellow channels with a colorizable background
Soft Colors	Adds a colorizable edges glow inside objects and pictures
Trichrome	Like Duochrome but with three colors

Distort

Command	Tooltip
Chalk and Sponge	Low turbulence gives sponge look and high turbulence chalk
Lapping	Something like a water noise
Pixel Smear	Van Gogh painting effect for bitmaps
Ripple	Horizontal rippling of edges
Rough and Dilate	Create a turbulent contour around
Roughen Inside	Roughen all inside shapes
Swirl	Paint objects with a transparent turbulence which wraps around color edges
Torn Edges	Displace the outside of shapes and pictures without altering their content

Fill and Transparency

本書にこの節はないが、Inkscape にこのメニュー項目があるので勝手にノートとして追加する。

Command	Tooltip
Fast Crop	Does not filter but adds a filter region
Fill Background	Adds a colorizable opaque background
Flatten Transparency	Adds a white opaque background
Monochrome Transparency	Convert to a colorizable transparent positive or negative
Posterized Light Eraser	Create a semi transparent posterized image
Saturation Map	Creates an approximative semi-transparent and colorizable image of the saturation levels

Image Effects

Command	Tooltip
Age	Imitate aged photograph
Film Grain	Adds a small scale graininess
Sharpen	Sharpen edges and boundaries within the object, force=0.15
Sharpen More	Sharpen edges and boundaries within the object, force=0.3
Soft Focus Lens	Glowing image content without blurring it

Image Effects, Transparent

メニュー項目 Image Paint and Draw ‣ 以下に対応する節と思われる。

Command	Tooltip
Alpha Draw Liquid	Gives a transparent fluid drawing effect with rough line and filling
Alpha Engraving	Gives a transparent engraving effect with rough line and filling
Alpha Engraving B	Gives a controllable roughness engraving effect to bitmaps and materials
Blueprint	Detect color edges and retrace them in blue
Chromolitho Alternate	Old chromolithographic effect
Cross Noise Poster	Overlay with a small scale screen like noise
Cross Noise Poster B	Adds a small scale screen like noise locally
Image Drawing Basic	Enhance and redraw color edges in 1 bit black and white
Light Contour	Uses vertical specular light to draw lines
Liquid Drawing	Gives a fluid and wavy expressionist drawing effect to images
Litho	Create a two colors lithographic effect
Marbled Ink	Marbled transparency effect which conforms to image detected edges
Oil Painting	Simulate oil painting style
Old Postcard	Slightly posterize and draw edges like on old printed postcards
Pencil	Detect color edges and retrace them in grayscale
Poster Color Fun	Poster Color Fun
Poster Draw	Enhance and redraw edges around posterized areas
Poster Rough	Adds roughness to one of the two channels of the Poster paint filter

Materials

Command	Tooltip
3D Marble	3D warped marble texture
3D Mother of Pearl	3D warped, iridescent pearly shell texture
3D Wood	3D warped, fibered wood texture
Cracked Lava	A volcanic texture, a little like leather
Enamel Jewelry	Slightly cracked enameled texture
Eroded Metal	Eroded metal texture with ridges, grooves, holes and bumps
Flex Metal	Bright, polished uneven metal casting, colorizable
Gold Paste	Fat pasted cast metal, with golden highlights
Gold Splatter	Splattered cast metal, with golden highlights
Iridescent Beeswax	Waxy texture which keeps its iridescence through color fill change
Leopard Fur	Leopard spots (loses object’s own color)
Lizard Skin	Stylized reptile skin texture
Metallized Paint	Metallized effect with a soft lighting, slightly translucent at the edges
Peel Off	Peeling painting on a wall

Morphology

ここは本書と少し異なる。

Command	Tooltip
Black Hole	Creates a black light inside and outside
Contouring Discrete	Sharp multiple contour for objects
Contouring Table	Blurred multiple contours for objects
Cool Outside	Blurred colorized contour, empty inside
Posterized Blur	Converts blurred contour to posterized steps
Warm Inside	Blurred colorized contour, filled inside

Non Realistic 3D Shaders

Command	Tooltip
Aluminium	Aluminium effect with sharp brushed reflections
Aluminium Emboss	Satiny aluminium effect with embossing
Brush Draw	Draft painted cartoon shading with a glassy look
Brushed Metal	Satiny metal surface effect
Chrome	Bright chrome effect
Chrome Emboss	Embossed chrome effect
Comics	Comics cartoon drawing effect
Comics Cream	Comics shader with creamy waves transparency
Comics Draft	Draft painted cartoon shading with a glassy look
Comics Fading	Cartoon paint style with some fading at the edges
Contour Emboss	Satiny and embossed contour effect
Deep Chrome	Dark chrome effect
Deep Metal	Deep and dark metal shading
Emboss Shader	Combination of satiny and emboss effect
Frosted Glass	Satiny glass effect
Opaline	Contouring version of smooth shader
Refractive Glass	Double reflection through glass with some refraction
Sharp Deco	Unrealistic reflections with sharp edges
Sharp Metal	Chrome effect with darkened edges

Overlays

悦楽の園とはどういうことだ。

Command	Tooltip
Alpha Monochrome Cracked	Basic noise fill texture; adjust color in Flood
Alpha Turbulent	Basic noise fill texture; adjust color in Flood
Barbed Wire	Gray bevelled wires with drop shadows
Blue Cheese	Marble-like bluish speckles
Canvas Transparency	Gives a canvas like HSL sensitive transparency.
Carnaval	White splotches evocating carnaval masks
Clouds	Airy, fluffy, sparse white clouds
Colorize Turbulent	Basic noise fill texture; adjust color in Flood
Cross Noise	Adds a small scale screen like graininess
Cross Noise B	Adds a small scale crossy graininess
Dots Transparency	Gives a pointillist HSL sensitive transparency
Duotone Turbulent	Basic noise fill texture; adjust color in Flood
Frost	Flake-like white splotches
Garden of Delights	Phantasmagorical turbulent wisps, like Hieronymus Bosch’s Garden of Delights
Growing Cells	Random rounded living cells like fill
Light Eraser Cracked	Basic noise fill texture; adjust color in Flood
Liquid	Colorizable filling with liquid transparency
Oil Slick	Rainbow-colored semitransparent oily splotches
People	Colorized blotches, like a crowd of people
Poster Turbulent	Basic noise fill texture; adjust color in Flood
Rough Transparency	Adds a turbulent transparency which displaces pixels at the same time
Rubber Stamp	Random whiteouts inside
Scotland	Colorized mountain tops out of the fog
Shaken Liquid	Colorizable filling with flow inside like transparency
Silhouette Marbled	Basic noise transparency texture
Smear Transparency	Paint objects with a transparent turbulence which turns around color edges
Speckle	Fill object with sparse translucent specks
Swiss Cheese	Random inner-bevel holes
Tartan	Checkered tartan pattern
Tartan Smart	Highly configurable checkered tartan pattern
Tiger Fur	Tiger fur pattern with folds and bevel around the edges
Wavy Tartan	Tartan pattern with a wavy displacement and bevel around the edges
Zebra	Irregular vertical dark stripes (loses object’s own color)

Protrusions

Command	Tooltip
Chewing Gum	Creates colorizable blotches which smoothly flow over the edges of the lines at their crossings
Dripping	Random paint streaks downwards
Fire	Edges of object are on fire
Ink Bleed	Inky splotches underneath the object

Ridges

Command	Tooltip
Dragee	Gel Ridge with a pearlescent look
Glowing Bubble	Bubble effect with refraction and glow
Matte Ridge	Soft pastel ridge
Metallized Ridge	Gel Ridge metallized at its top
Refractive Gel A	Gel effect with light refraction
Refractive Gel B	Gel effect with strong refraction
Thin Membrane	Thin like a soap membrane

Scatter

Command	Tooltip
Air Spray	Convert to small scattered particles with some thickness
Cubes	Scattered cubes; adjust the Morphology primitive to vary size
Leaves	Leaves on the ground in Fall, or living foliage
Pointillism	Gives a turbulent pointillist HSL sensitive transparency

Shadows and Glows

Command	Tooltip
Cutout Glow	In and out glow with a possible offset and colorizable flood
Dark and Glow	Darkens the edge with an inner blur and adds a flexible glow
Emergence	Cut out, add inner shadow and colorize some parts of an image
In and Out	Inner colorized shadow, outer black shadow
Inset	Shadowy outer bevel

Textures

Command	Tooltip
Bark	Bark texture, vertical; use with deep colors
Blotting Paper	Inkblot on blotting paper
Burnt edges	Torn edges with a dark inner blur
Burst	Burst balloon texture crumpled and with holes
Cracked Glass	Under a cracked glass
Crumpled Plastic	Crumpled matte plastic, with melted edge
Felt	Felt like texture with color turbulence and slightly darker at the edges
Gouache	Partly opaque water color effect with bleed
Ink Paint	Ink paint on paper with some turbulent color shift
Jam Spread	Glossy clumpy jam spread
Melted Rainbow	Smooth rainbow colors slightly melted along the edges
Organic	Bulging, knotty, slick 3D surface
Riddled	Riddle the surface and add bump to images
Rough Paper	Aquarelle paper effect which can be used for pictures as for objects
Rough and Glossy	Crumpled glossy paper effect which can be used for pictures as for objects
Silk Carpet	Silk carpet texture, horizontal stripes
Stone Wall	Stone wall texture to use with not too saturated colors
Tinted Rainbow	Smooth rainbow colors melted along the edges and colorizable
Warped Rainbow	Smooth rainbow colors warped along the edges and colorizable
Watercolor	Cloudy watercolor effect
Wax Print	Wax print on tissue texture

Transparency Utilities

Inkscape 1.2 にはこの名前のメニューが見当たらない。これに対応するメニューがさっき勝手に追加した Fill and Transparency ‣ だろうか。

Todo

Filters ‣ に出てくるコマンド名やキャプションに知らない英単語が多く出現する。辞書を自作するべきだろう。